Learning Outcomes:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Describe typical cellular morphology in direct smears and cultures.
- State the significance of finding intracellular bacteria in urethral exudate.
- State the growth requirements
- Explain how auxotyping is performed and why this may be done.
- Name suitable media for isolation. Explain the usual reason why a strain of gonorrhoeae may fail to grow on selective media.
- Explain the difference between a holding and growing transport medium.
- Describe culture techniques used to enhance growth of gonorrhoeae in culture media.
- State the criteria used to establish the genus Neisseria.
- List the five types of tests used for identification and know the reactions for gonorrhoeae
- Name the two types of serological tests available for identification of gonorrhoeae.
- Describe the advantage of a gene probe technique in diagnosis of gonorrhea.
- Describe the changing susceptibility pattern for N. gonorrhoeae. Describe the two resistance mechanisms to penicillin and state how each is detected.
- Describe clinical infections caused by gonorrhoeae.
Neisseria meningitidis
- Describe typical cellular morphology.
- Describe growth requirements and typical colonies on blood agar.
- State reactions in carbohydrate utilization tests. Name two other test systems that may be used for identification.
- State the usual susceptibility to penicillin.
- State where meningitidis is found in carriers.
- Name the two infections commonly caused by meningitidis.
- Describe typical findings in spinal fluid from cases of meningococcal meningitidis and state how antigen can be detected directly from spinal fluid.
Neisseria species
- Describe typical cellular morphology.
- State the growth requirements
- Describe colonial morphology typical of Neisseria
- State when definitive identification is required and how this is accomplished (not specific reactions).
- For lactamica, know what type of media it grows on and the reactions in the carbohydrate utilization tests.
- Explain how polysaccharea and N. subflava could be confused with N. meningitidis and how they may be differentiated using biochemical tests.
- Explain why cinerea may be wrongly identified as N. gonorrhoeae and how to avoid this problem.
- State where Neisseria species are found as normal flora and types of infections reported.
Moraxella catarrhalis
- State the three names previously used for this organism.
- Describe typical cellular morphology.
- Describe growth requirements. Describe typical colonies on blood agar.
- State reactions in carbohydrate utilization tests and state how differentiation from Neisseria species is accomplished.
- State how and why beta-lactamase testing should be done.
- List common infections caused by catarrhalis.
Oxidase Test
- Outline the principle of the test.
- Name the active ingredient in oxidase reagent.
- Explain how the reagent is stabilized and how this affects stability and sensitivity.
- Describe the filter paper method
- State when quality control organisms should be tested and name suitable control organisms.
Course Revision: Erin Jansen, MLT
Original Author: Helen Smith
Version Date: October 2021
PEP hours: 10.3
CPS credits: 0
*Note: PEP hours and/or CPS credits will only be awarded upon successful completion of Final Exam.
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