Prior to attempting this course, the learner will have:
- Understanding of introductory microanatomy terminology
- Ability to recognize microanatomical components of tissue smears and sections
Learning Outcomes:
- Define the term resonance system in relation to dye chemistry
- Define the following terms in relation to dye structure and classification:
- Chromophore (quinoid ring, azo coupling, nitro grouping)
- Chromogen
- Auxochrome (hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, sulphonic)
- Relate acid, basic and neutral dyes to their staining properties
- Discuss physical theories of staining: selective solubility, adsorption, porosity
- Describe chemical theories of staining: salt linkage, hydrogen bonding, metachromasia, leukostaining, metallic impregnation, histochemical reactions
- Describe proper storage of dyes
- Define colour index number
- Differentiate between progressive and regressive staining and state advantages and disadvantages of each
- Classify dyes according to origin and give examples of each
- Describe and define accelerators and accentuators.
- State principle and application of argyrophil and argentaffin / modified argentaffin reactions
- Name three chromophoric groups found in many commonly used stains and show the basic chemical structure and name at least one dye that contains the group
- Define:
- Basophilic tissue
- Acidophilic tissue
- Define the specificity of the following staining mechanisms:
- Mordant
- Lake
- Accentuator
- Accelerator
- Metachromasia
- Leuco compound (also spelled leuko compound)
- Chromotrope
- Orthochromasia
Author: Masaye Tanaka, ART, BSc, MEd
Version Date: January 2022
PEP hours: 12.5
CPS credits: 0
*Note: PEP hours and/or CPS credits will only be awarded upon successful completion of Final Exam.
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